FOOD SAFETY BASICS

Food can contain harmful bacteria even when it looks and smells normal.

The four basic food-safety practices are:

CLEAN → SEPARATE → COOK → CHILL

🧼 CLEAN

Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds before and after handling food.

Wash counters, cutting boards, utensils, and dishes after contact with raw foods.

Rinse fruits and vegetables under running water.

Do not wash raw poultry. Water can splash bacteria onto sinks, counters, utensils, and nearby food.

🔪 SEPARATE

Keep raw meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs away from ready-to-eat foods.

Keep raw animal products contained in the refrigerator.

Use separate cutting boards or thoroughly clean them between raw and ready-to-eat foods.

🌡️ COOK

Use a food thermometer rather than relying on appearance.

Poultry — 165°F

Ground beef, pork, lamb + veal — 160°F

Whole cuts of beef, pork, lamb + veal — 145°F + 3-minute rest

Fish — 145°F

Leftovers — 165°F

❄️ CHILL

Keep your refrigerator at 40°F or below and freezer at 0°F or below.

Refrigerate perishable foods within 2 hours.

If they're exposed to temperatures above 90°F, refrigerate within 1 hour.

Most refrigerated cooked leftovers should be eaten or frozen within 3–4 days.

🧊 THAW FOOD SAFELY

Safe methods include:

Refrigerator

Cold water

Microwave

Don't leave perishable foods sitting on the counter to thaw.

🥬 PRODUCE

Wash produce under running water.

Do not use soap, detergent, or bleach on food.

Cut away damaged or bruised areas and refrigerate produce that requires refrigeration.

⚠️ HIGHER-RISK GROUPS

Foodborne illness can be substantially more dangerous for:

Pregnant people

Children under 5

Adults 65+

People with weakened immune systems

These groups may need additional precautions around foods such as unpasteurized products, raw or undercooked animal products, raw sprouts, and certain refrigerated ready-to-eat foods.

🚨 DON'T RELY ONLY ON SMELL

Spoilage organisms can make food smell, taste, or look bad.

But disease-causing microorganisms may be present without obvious signs.

If a perishable food has been stored at an unsafe temperature or handled unsafely, a smell test cannot establish that it is safe.

QUICK RULE

Clean it. Separate it. Cook it properly. Keep it cold.

When you're unsure about a high-risk perishable food's storage history, don't gamble on it.

SOURCES + LEARN MORE

FoodSafety.gov — Safe Minimum Internal Temperatures
https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/safe-minimum-internal-temperatures

FoodSafety.gov — Four Steps to Food Safety
https://www.foodsafety.gov/keep-food-safe/4-steps-to-food-safety

USDA — Food Safety and Inspection Service
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety

FDA — Safe Food Handling
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/food-safety-home

CDC — Food Safety
https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/

Food safety isn't about fear. It's about controlling preventable risk.

Community over separation.